Resíduos de pesticidas na Cebola Junca (Allium fistulosum) cultivada em Risaralda, Colômbia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n5supl1p1875Palavras-chave:
Allium fistulosum, Cromatografia, Pesticidas.Resumo
Em 2050 a população mundial chegará a 9.2 bilhões, aumentando a demanda por alimentos em duas vezes. Diminuir as perdas devido a pragas ainda é um desafio, onde os pesticidas desempenham um papel importante, mas seu uso indiscriminado faz com que quantidades residuais inadequadas estejam presentes nos alimentos. Este estudo tem como objetivo monitorar a concentração residual de pesticidas organoclorados e organofosforados em cebola junca (Allium fistulosum) cultivada na Colômbia, como ou uso de GC-MS. O método usado tem alta sensibilidade (LOD: 0.11-7.15 µg kg-1), precisão aceitável precision (RSD: 0.83-1.35%) e percentagens de recuperações entre 46.32% - 118.67%. Pesticidas clorados proibidos pela Convenção de Roterdã foram encontrados nas amostras com concentrações acima de 221.22 ?g kg-1, enquanto endrin com uma concentração de 469.23 ?g kg-1 e seus produtos de degradação que excedem o limite máximo de resíduos (LMR) para amostras de plantas. De acordo com o LMR do Codex Alimentarius, constatou-se que 73.1% das amostras têm residual superior ao limite permitido de pesticidas organoclorados em mais de 40 vezes, o que representa um risco para a saúde humana e ecossistema. Monitoramento contínuo e rigoroso controle governamental são necessários para reduzir a exposição de seres humanos e outros seres vivos.Métricas
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Referências
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Ahmed, F. E. (2001). Analyses of pesticides and their metabolites in foods and drinks. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 20(11), 649-661. doi:10.1016/S0165-9936(01)00121-2
Aktar, M. W., Sengupta, D., & Chowdhury, A. (2009). Impact of pesticides use in agriculture: their benefits and hazards. Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 2(1), 1-12. doi:10.2478/v10102-009-0001-7
Alamgir Zaman Chowdhury, M., Fakhruddin, A. N. M., Nazrul Islam, M., Moniruzzaman, M., Gan, S. H., & Khorshed Alam, M. (2013). Detection of the residues of nineteen pesticides in fresh vegetable samples using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Food Control, 34(2), 457-465. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.05.006
Alder, L., Greulich, K., Kempe, G., & Vieth, B. (2006). Residue analysis of 500 high priority pesticides: Better by GC-MS or LC-MS/MS? Mass Spectrometry Reviews. 25(6):838-65. doi: 10.1002/mas.20091
Arias, H. F, Arrubla, J. P, & Giraldo, A. I. (2018). Cálculo de la incertidumbre en la determinación de plaguicidas organoclorados y triazoles en café verde por GC-MS. Revista Facultad de Ciencias Basicas, 14(1), 1-9. doi:10.18359/rfcb.3126
Benotti, M. J., Trenholm, R. A., Vanderford, B. J., Holady, J. C., Stanford, B. D., & Snyder, S. A. (2009). Pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds in U.S. drinking water. Environmental Science & Technology, 43(3), 597-603. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9673(96)00297-X
Biziuk, B. M., Przyjazny, A., Czerwmskl, J., & Wiergowski, M. (1996). Occurrence and determination of pesticides in natural and treated waters. Journal of Chromatography A, 754, 103-123. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9673(96)00297-X
Carvalho, F. P., Nhan, D. D., Zhong, C., Tavares, T., & Klaine, S. (1998). Result of an International Research Porject Tracking Pesticides in the Tripocs. IAEA BULLETIN, 40(3), 1-7.
Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadísticas, DANE. (2015). Boletín Mensual Insumos y Factores Asociados a la Producción Agropecuaria, 35. Bogotá, Colombia.
Dramiñski, W., & Zagorzycki, J. (1984). Evaluación de residuos de plaguicidas organoclorados y organofosforados en granos. Asociación Venezolana para el Avance de la Ciencia. Acta Científica Venezolana, 35(1), 69-78. Recuperado de http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid= S1316-33612007000200002&lng=es&nrm=iso
Food and Agriculture Organization (1998). Rotterdam Convention. On the prior informed consent procedure for certain hazardous chemicals and pesticides in international trade. Rotterdam, Netherland: Rotterdam Convention Secretariat, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Retrieved from http://www.pic.int/TheConvention/Overview/TextoftheConvention/ tabid/1048/ language/en-US/Default.aspx
Food and Agriculture Organization (2004). Pesticide residues in food 2004. Evaluations. Part I - Residues. Roma, Italia: Rotterdam Convention Secretariat, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/agphome/ documents/ Pests_Pesticides/JMPR/Evaluation04/JMPR2004eva.pdf
Food and Agriculture Organization (2009). Feeding the world in 2050. World agricultural summit on food security. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Food and Agriculture Organization (2017). CODEX Alimentarius: Pesticide MRLs. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Health Organization. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/standards/pesticide-mrls/en/
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2016). CROPS-FAOSTAT. Countries - Select All; Regions - World + (Total); Elements - Production Quantity; Items - Onion, dry + Onions, shallots, green. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/visualize
Gamón, M., Lleó, C., & Ten, A. (2001). Multiresidue Determination of Pesticides in Fruit and Vegetables by Gas Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Journal of AOAC International, 84(4), 1209-1216. Retrieved from http://lib3.dss.go.th/fulltext/Journal/J.AOAC1999-2003/ J.AOAC2001/v84n4(jul-aug)/v84n4p1209.pdf
Geerdink, R. B., Niessen, W. M. A., & Brinkman, U. A. T. (2002). Trace-level determination of pesticides in water by means of liquid and gas chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 970(1–2), 65-93. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9673(02)00234-0
Gent, D. H., du Toit, L. J., Fichtner, S. F., Mohan, S. K., Pappu, H. R., & Schwartz, H. F. (2006). Iris yellow spot virus: An Emerging Threat to Onion Bulb and Seed Production. Plant Disease, 90(12), 1468-1480. doi: 10.1094/PD-90-1468
Giraldo Rivera, A. I., Guerrero Alvarez, G. E., Arrubla, J. P., Baena, L. M, Paredes Cuervo, D., & Gomez Benitez, M. A. (2020) The effects of Annonaceae and Amaryllidaceae extracts in controlling the Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Revista Brasileira de Ciências Agrárias, 15(2), e6933, 1-9. doi: 10.5039/agraria.v15i2a6933
Gomiero, T., Paoletti, M. G., & Pimentel, D. (2008). Energy and Environmental Issues in Organic and Conventional Agriculture. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 27(4), 239-254. doi: 10.1080/ 07352680802225456
Goujon, E., Sta, C., Trivella, A., Goupil, P., Richard, C., & Ledoigt, G. (2014). Genotoxicity of sulcotrione pesticide and photoproducts on Allium cepa root meristem. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 113, 47-54. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.06.002
Guan, W., Li, C., Liu, X., Zhou, S., & Ma, Y. (2014). Graphene as dispersive solidphase extraction materials for pesticides LC-MS/MS multi-residue analysis in leek, onion and garlic. Food Additives and Contaminants - Part A Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure and Risk Assessment, 31(2), 250-261. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2013.865278
Hajjo, R. M., Afifi, F. U., & Battah, A. H. (2007). Multiresidue pesticide analysis of the medicinal plant Origanum syriacum. Food Additives and Contaminants, 24(3), 274-279. doi: 10.1080/ 02652030600986198
Kruve, A., Künnapas, A., Herodes, K., & Leito, I. (2008). Matrix effects in pesticide multi-residue analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1187(1-2), 58-66. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.01.077
Li, J., Liu, D., Wu, T., Zhao, W., Zhou, Z., & Wang, P. (2014). A simplified procedure for the determination of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorobiphenyls in edible vegetable oils. Food Chemistry, 151, 47-52. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.11.047
Naqvi, S. M., & Vaishnavi, C. (1993). Bioaccumulative potential and toxicity of endosulfan insecticide to non-target animals. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. C, Comparative Pharmacology and Toxicology, 105(3), 347-361. doi: 10.1016/0742-8413(93)90071-R
Ozcan, C. (2016). Determination of organochlorine pesticides in some vegetable samples using GC-MS. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 25(3), 1141-1147. doi: 10.15244/pjoes/61627
Peterson, P. M., Annable, C. R., & Rieseberg, L. H. (1988). Systematic Relationships and Nomenclatural Changes in the Allium douglasii Complex (Alliaceae). Systematic Botany, 13(2), 207. doi: 10.2307/2419099
Popp, J., Pető, K., & Nagy, J. (2013). Pesticide productivity and food security. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 33(1), 243-255. doi: 10.1007/s13593-012-0105-x
Quintero, A., Caselles, M. J., Ettiene, G., De Colmenares, N. G., Ramírez, T., & Medina, D. (2008). Monitoring of organophosphorus pesticide residues in vegetables of agricultural area in Venezuela. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 81(4), 393-396. doi: 10.1007/s00128-008-9511-9
Ray, D. K., Mueller, N. D., West, P. C., & Foley, J. A. (2013). Yield Trends Are Insufficient to Double Global Crop Production by 2050. PLoS ONE, 8(6), e66428. doi: 10.1371/journal. pone.0066428
Sapbamrer, R., & Hongsibsong, S. (2014). Organophosphorus pesticide residues in vegetables from farms, markets, and a supermarket around Kwan Phayao Lake of Northern Thailand. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 67(1), 60-67. doi: 10.1007/s00244-014-0014-x
Scherbaum, E., Anastassiades, M., Schüle, E., Bauer, N., Ellendt, K., & Wieland, M. (2008). Evaluation based on Residue Findings GC-MS or LC-MS(/MS)-Which Technique is More Essential? Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt | Stuttgart EPRW 2008 (25), 1.
Sinclair, C. J., & Boxall, A. (2003). Assessing the Ecotoxicity of Pesticide Transformation Products. Environmental Science & Technology, 37(20), 4617-4625. doi: 10.1021/ES030038M
Sishu, F. K., Thegaye, E. K., Schmitter, P., Habtu, N. G., Tilahun, S. A., & Steenhuis, T. S. (2020). Endosulfan pesticide dissipation and residue levels in khat and onion in a sub-humid region of Ethiopia. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, LNICST, 308, 16-28. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-43690-2_2
Skovgaard, M., Renjel Encinas, S., Jensen, O. C., Andersen, J. H., Condarco, G., & Jørs, E. (2017). Pesticide Residues in Commercial Lettuce, Onion, and Potato Samples from Bolivia A Threat to Public Health? Environmental Health Insights, 11, 1-8. doi: 10.1177/1178630217704194
Soler, C., Mañes, J., & Picó, Y. (2005). Routine application using single quadrupole liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to pesticides analysis in citrus fruits. Journal of Chromatography A, 1088(1-2), 224-233. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.03.106
Stachniuk, A., & Fornal, E. (2016). Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in the Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Food. Food Analytical Methods, 9(6), 1654-1665. doi: 10.1007/s12161-015-0342-0
Tien, C. J., Lin, M. C., Chiu, W. H., & Chen, C. S. (2013). Biodegradation of carbamate pesticides by natural river biofilms in different seasons and their effects on biofilm community structure. Environmental Pollution, 179, 95-104. doi: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2013.04.009
Xu, D., Liang, D., Guo, Y., & Sun, Y. (2018). Endosulfan causes the alterations of DNA damage response through ATM-p53 signaling pathway in human leukemia cells. Environmental Pollution, 238, 1048-1055. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.044
Ahmed, F. E. (2001). Analyses of pesticides and their metabolites in foods and drinks. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 20(11), 649-661. doi:10.1016/S0165-9936(01)00121-2
Aktar, M. W., Sengupta, D., & Chowdhury, A. (2009). Impact of pesticides use in agriculture: their benefits and hazards. Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 2(1), 1-12. doi:10.2478/v10102-009-0001-7
Alamgir Zaman Chowdhury, M., Fakhruddin, A. N. M., Nazrul Islam, M., Moniruzzaman, M., Gan, S. H., & Khorshed Alam, M. (2013). Detection of the residues of nineteen pesticides in fresh vegetable samples using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Food Control, 34(2), 457-465. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.05.006
Alder, L., Greulich, K., Kempe, G., & Vieth, B. (2006). Residue analysis of 500 high priority pesticides: Better by GC-MS or LC-MS/MS? Mass Spectrometry Reviews. 25(6):838-65. doi: 10.1002/mas.20091
Arias, H. F, Arrubla, J. P, & Giraldo, A. I. (2018). Cálculo de la incertidumbre en la determinación de plaguicidas organoclorados y triazoles en café verde por GC-MS. Revista Facultad de Ciencias Basicas, 14(1), 1-9. doi:10.18359/rfcb.3126
Benotti, M. J., Trenholm, R. A., Vanderford, B. J., Holady, J. C., Stanford, B. D., & Snyder, S. A. (2009). Pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds in U.S. drinking water. Environmental Science & Technology, 43(3), 597-603. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9673(96)00297-X
Biziuk, B. M., Przyjazny, A., Czerwmskl, J., & Wiergowski, M. (1996). Occurrence and determination of pesticides in natural and treated waters. Journal of Chromatography A, 754, 103-123. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9673(96)00297-X
Carvalho, F. P., Nhan, D. D., Zhong, C., Tavares, T., & Klaine, S. (1998). Result of an International Research Porject Tracking Pesticides in the Tripocs. IAEA BULLETIN, 40(3), 1-7.
Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadísticas, DANE. (2015). Boletín Mensual Insumos y Factores Asociados a la Producción Agropecuaria, 35. Bogotá, Colombia.
Dramiñski, W., & Zagorzycki, J. (1984). Evaluación de residuos de plaguicidas organoclorados y organofosforados en granos. Asociación Venezolana para el Avance de la Ciencia. Acta Científica Venezolana, 35(1), 69-78. Recuperado de http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid= S1316-33612007000200002&lng=es&nrm=iso
Food and Agriculture Organization (1998). Rotterdam Convention. On the prior informed consent procedure for certain hazardous chemicals and pesticides in international trade. Rotterdam, Netherland: Rotterdam Convention Secretariat, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Retrieved from http://www.pic.int/TheConvention/Overview/TextoftheConvention/ tabid/1048/ language/en-US/Default.aspx
Food and Agriculture Organization (2004). Pesticide residues in food 2004. Evaluations. Part I - Residues. Roma, Italia: Rotterdam Convention Secretariat, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/agphome/ documents/ Pests_Pesticides/JMPR/Evaluation04/JMPR2004eva.pdf
Food and Agriculture Organization (2009). Feeding the world in 2050. World agricultural summit on food security. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Food and Agriculture Organization (2017). CODEX Alimentarius: Pesticide MRLs. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Health Organization. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/standards/pesticide-mrls/en/
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2016). CROPS-FAOSTAT. Countries - Select All; Regions - World + (Total); Elements - Production Quantity; Items - Onion, dry + Onions, shallots, green. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/visualize
Gamón, M., Lleó, C., & Ten, A. (2001). Multiresidue Determination of Pesticides in Fruit and Vegetables by Gas Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Journal of AOAC International, 84(4), 1209-1216. Retrieved from http://lib3.dss.go.th/fulltext/Journal/J.AOAC1999-2003/ J.AOAC2001/v84n4(jul-aug)/v84n4p1209.pdf
Geerdink, R. B., Niessen, W. M. A., & Brinkman, U. A. T. (2002). Trace-level determination of pesticides in water by means of liquid and gas chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 970(1–2), 65-93. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9673(02)00234-0
Gent, D. H., du Toit, L. J., Fichtner, S. F., Mohan, S. K., Pappu, H. R., & Schwartz, H. F. (2006). Iris yellow spot virus: An Emerging Threat to Onion Bulb and Seed Production. Plant Disease, 90(12), 1468-1480. doi: 10.1094/PD-90-1468
Giraldo Rivera, A. I., Guerrero Alvarez, G. E., Arrubla, J. P., Baena, L. M, Paredes Cuervo, D., & Gomez Benitez, M. A. (2020) The effects of Annonaceae and Amaryllidaceae extracts in controlling the Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Revista Brasileira de Ciências Agrárias, 15(2), e6933, 1-9. doi: 10.5039/agraria.v15i2a6933
Gomiero, T., Paoletti, M. G., & Pimentel, D. (2008). Energy and Environmental Issues in Organic and Conventional Agriculture. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 27(4), 239-254. doi: 10.1080/ 07352680802225456
Goujon, E., Sta, C., Trivella, A., Goupil, P., Richard, C., & Ledoigt, G. (2014). Genotoxicity of sulcotrione pesticide and photoproducts on Allium cepa root meristem. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 113, 47-54. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.06.002
Guan, W., Li, C., Liu, X., Zhou, S., & Ma, Y. (2014). Graphene as dispersive solidphase extraction materials for pesticides LC-MS/MS multi-residue analysis in leek, onion and garlic. Food Additives and Contaminants - Part A Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure and Risk Assessment, 31(2), 250-261. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2013.865278
Hajjo, R. M., Afifi, F. U., & Battah, A. H. (2007). Multiresidue pesticide analysis of the medicinal plant Origanum syriacum. Food Additives and Contaminants, 24(3), 274-279. doi: 10.1080/ 02652030600986198
Kruve, A., Künnapas, A., Herodes, K., & Leito, I. (2008). Matrix effects in pesticide multi-residue analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1187(1-2), 58-66. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.01.077
Li, J., Liu, D., Wu, T., Zhao, W., Zhou, Z., & Wang, P. (2014). A simplified procedure for the determination of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorobiphenyls in edible vegetable oils. Food Chemistry, 151, 47-52. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.11.047
Naqvi, S. M., & Vaishnavi, C. (1993). Bioaccumulative potential and toxicity of endosulfan insecticide to non-target animals. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. C, Comparative Pharmacology and Toxicology, 105(3), 347-361. doi: 10.1016/0742-8413(93)90071-R
Ozcan, C. (2016). Determination of organochlorine pesticides in some vegetable samples using GC-MS. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 25(3), 1141-1147. doi: 10.15244/pjoes/61627
Peterson, P. M., Annable, C. R., & Rieseberg, L. H. (1988). Systematic Relationships and Nomenclatural Changes in the Allium douglasii Complex (Alliaceae). Systematic Botany, 13(2), 207. doi: 10.2307/2419099
Popp, J., Pető, K., & Nagy, J. (2013). Pesticide productivity and food security. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 33(1), 243-255. doi: 10.1007/s13593-012-0105-x
Quintero, A., Caselles, M. J., Ettiene, G., De Colmenares, N. G., Ramírez, T., & Medina, D. (2008). Monitoring of organophosphorus pesticide residues in vegetables of agricultural area in Venezuela. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 81(4), 393-396. doi: 10.1007/s00128-008-9511-9
Ray, D. K., Mueller, N. D., West, P. C., & Foley, J. A. (2013). Yield Trends Are Insufficient to Double Global Crop Production by 2050. PLoS ONE, 8(6), e66428. doi: 10.1371/journal. pone.0066428
Sapbamrer, R., & Hongsibsong, S. (2014). Organophosphorus pesticide residues in vegetables from farms, markets, and a supermarket around Kwan Phayao Lake of Northern Thailand. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 67(1), 60-67. doi: 10.1007/s00244-014-0014-x
Scherbaum, E., Anastassiades, M., Schüle, E., Bauer, N., Ellendt, K., & Wieland, M. (2008). Evaluation based on Residue Findings GC-MS or LC-MS(/MS)-Which Technique is More Essential? Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt | Stuttgart EPRW 2008 (25), 1.
Sinclair, C. J., & Boxall, A. (2003). Assessing the Ecotoxicity of Pesticide Transformation Products. Environmental Science & Technology, 37(20), 4617-4625. doi: 10.1021/ES030038M
Sishu, F. K., Thegaye, E. K., Schmitter, P., Habtu, N. G., Tilahun, S. A., & Steenhuis, T. S. (2020). Endosulfan pesticide dissipation and residue levels in khat and onion in a sub-humid region of Ethiopia. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, LNICST, 308, 16-28. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-43690-2_2
Skovgaard, M., Renjel Encinas, S., Jensen, O. C., Andersen, J. H., Condarco, G., & Jørs, E. (2017). Pesticide Residues in Commercial Lettuce, Onion, and Potato Samples from Bolivia A Threat to Public Health? Environmental Health Insights, 11, 1-8. doi: 10.1177/1178630217704194
Soler, C., Mañes, J., & Picó, Y. (2005). Routine application using single quadrupole liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to pesticides analysis in citrus fruits. Journal of Chromatography A, 1088(1-2), 224-233. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.03.106
Stachniuk, A., & Fornal, E. (2016). Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in the Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Food. Food Analytical Methods, 9(6), 1654-1665. doi: 10.1007/s12161-015-0342-0
Tien, C. J., Lin, M. C., Chiu, W. H., & Chen, C. S. (2013). Biodegradation of carbamate pesticides by natural river biofilms in different seasons and their effects on biofilm community structure. Environmental Pollution, 179, 95-104. doi: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2013.04.009
Xu, D., Liang, D., Guo, Y., & Sun, Y. (2018). Endosulfan causes the alterations of DNA damage response through ATM-p53 signaling pathway in human leukemia cells. Environmental Pollution, 238, 1048-1055. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.044
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2020-08-07
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Velez, J. P. A., Pulgarín, N. V., Betancur, E. A. G., Bedoya, J. M. G., Benitez, M. A. G., Álvarez, G. E. G., & Cuervo, D. P. (2020). Resíduos de pesticidas na Cebola Junca (Allium fistulosum) cultivada em Risaralda, Colômbia. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 41(5supl1), 1875–1896. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n5supl1p1875
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