Surveying fractures in riverbeds using UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/2447-1747.2024v33n2p9Keywords:
UAV; Flight height; Bedrock river; Fractures.Abstract
Using UAVs for high-resolution mosaic production has become a common practice across various applications. This study focuses on selecting sections of rocky riverbeds to calibrate flight height parameters that optimize the observation of rock fractures. Basic statistics were employed to validate the differences between each selected height regarding the density and intensity of fracturing. It was observed that a height of 20 m allows for optimal visualization and a greater number of observable fractures. However, heights of 50 m and 100 m, while allowing for the observation of fewer fractures, exhibit small average differences (yet statistically significant) when compared to each other. Flight conditions, such as surveying time, may either enhance or minimize these differences.
Downloads
References
ALVES-JÚNIOR, Leomar Rufino; CÔRTES, João Batista Ramos; FERREIRA, Manuel Eduardo; SILVA, Janete Rêgo. Validação de ortomosaicos e modelos digitais de terreno utilizando fotografias obtidas com câmera digital não métrica acoplada a um vant. Revista Brasileira de Cartografia, [S. l.], v. 67, n. 7, p. 1453–1466, 2019. Disponível em: https://seer.ufu.br/index.php/revistabrasileiracartografia/article/view/49198. Acesso em: 10 jun. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14393/rbcv67n7-49198
BEAUMONT, Christopher; FULLSACK, Philippe; HAMILTON, Juliet. Erosional control of active compressional orogens. In: McClay, Kevin Richard (ed). Thrust Tectonics. Springer, Dordrecht. 1992. p.1-18. Disponível em: https://ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/baug/igp/igp-dam/documents/PhD_Theses/105.pdf. Acesso em: 10 jun. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3066-0_1
CHATANANTAVET, Phairot; PARKER, Gary. Physically based modeling of bedrock incision by abrasion, plucking, and macroabrasion. Journal of Geophysical Research, 114, 2009. p.1-22. Disponível em: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2008JF001044. Acesso em: 10 jun. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JF001044
CHOI, Inhyeok; DONGYOUP, Kwak. Optimizing Terrain Classification Methods for the Determination of Bedrock Depth and the Average Shear Wave Velocity of Soil. Remote Sensing 16, no. 2: 233, p. 2-24, 2024. Disponível em: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/2/233. Acesso em: 10 jun. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16020233
DJI. Mavic Pro User Manual V1.6_PT. 2017. Disponível em: https://dl.djicdn.com/downloads/mavic/20170630/Mavic+Pro+User+Manual+V1.6_PT.pdf. Acesso em: 10 jun. 2024.
EISENBEISS, Henri. UAV Photogrammetry. Tese de Doutorado em Ciências, Universidade de Tecnologia de Dresden, Alemanha, 2009. Disponível em: https://ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/baug/igp/igp-dam/documents/PhD_Theses/105.pdf. Acesso em: 10 jun. 2024.
FIGUEIREDO, Evandro Orfanó; FIGUEIREDO, Symone Maria de Melo. Planos de Voo Semiautônomos para Fotogrametria com Aeronaves Remotamente Pilotadas de Classe 3. CIRCULAR TÉCNICA 75, Rio Branco, AC Novembro, EMBRAPA, 2018. p.1-56. Disponível em: <https://ainfo.cnptia.embrapa.br/digital/bitstream/item/187874/1/26750.pdf> Acesso em: 17 abr. 2024.
HALLET, Bernard. Glacial quarrying: a simple theoretical model. Annals of Glaciology, v.22, 1996. p.1-8. Disponível em: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/annals-of-glaciology/article/glacial-quarrying-a-simple-theoretical-model/16A34743DFF24D6B5D1F4588569FDF8E. Acesso em: 10 jun. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260305500015147
KIM, Ju-Yong; HOEY, Trevor Bryan; BISHOP, Paul. Erosion processes in bedrock river - A review with special emphasize on numerical modelling. Korea Journal of Quaternary Research, 20, 2006, p.11-29. Disponível em: https://koreascience.kr/article/JAKO200634515186285.page. Acesso em: 10 jun. 2024.
LAMB, Michael Peter; FINNEGAN, Noah James; SCHEINGROSS, Joel Stephen; SKLAR, Leonard S. New insights into the mechanics of fluvial bedrock erosion through flume experiments and theory. Geomorphology, 244, p. 33-55. 2015. Disponível em: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0169555X15001294. Acesso em: 10 jun. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.03.003
LIMA, Adalto Gonçalves; PELEGRINA, Marcos Aurélio; PONTAROLO, Murilo. Fracture variability in basalts and its effect on river erosion: a case study in the Paraná volcanic province. Earth Science Research Journal. 25(1), p.13-19, 2021. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1794-61902021000100013. Acesso em: 10 jun. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v25n1.85098
MAULDON, Matthew Bruce; DUNNE, William Michael; ROHRBAUGH JR, Michael Bruce. Circular scanlines and circular windows: new tools for characterizing the geometry of fracture traces. J. Structural Geology, 23. p.247-258, 2001. Disponível em: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0191814100000948. Acesso em: 10 jun. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8141(00)00094-8
MINEROPAR. O Grupo Serra Geral no estado do Paraná: mapeamento geológico na escala de 1:250.000 (I e II). Curitiba: Mineropar, 2013. Disponível em: https://www.iat.pr.gov.br/Pagina/Publicacoes-para-download. Acesso em: 7 maio 2024.
MOLNAR, Peter; ANDERSON, Robert Stephen; ANDERSON, Suzanne Prestrud. Tectonics, fracturing of rock, and erosion. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 112, p.1–12, 2007. Disponível em: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2005JF000433. Acesso em 10 jun. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JF000433
MONTGOMERY, David. Process domains and the river continuum. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 35. p. 397–410, 1999. Disponível em: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb03598.x. Acesso em: 10 jun. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb03598.x
PALMSTRÖM, Arild. Measurement and characterization of rock mass jointing. In: SHARMA, Vishnu Mohan; SAXENA, Krishna Raju. In-situ characterization of rocks. Rotherdan: Balkema, 2001. p.49-97. Disponível em: https://rockmass.net/ap/69_Palmstrom_on_Jointing_measurements.pdf . Acesso em: 10 jun. 2024.
SALVINI, Roberto; MASTROROCCO, Gianluca; SEDDAIU, Marcello; ROSSI, Davide; VANNESCHI, Claudio. The use of an unmanned aerial vehicle for fracture mapping within a marble quarry (Carrara, Italy): photogrammetry and discrete fracture network modelling. Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 8(1), p.34–52, 2017. Disponível em: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19475705.2016.1199053. Acesso em: 10 jun. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2016.1199053
SCOTT, David Natan; WOHL, Ellen Elizabeth. Bedrock fracture influences on geomorphic process and form across process domains and scales. Earth Surface Process. Landforms, 44, p.27–45, 2019. Disponível em: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/esp.4473. Acesso em: 10 jun. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4473
SOUSA, Hélio Lopes. Sensoriamento Remoto com VANTs: uma nova possibilidade para a aquisição de geoinformações. Revista. Brasileira de Geomática, Curitiba, v. 5, n. 3, p. 326-342, jul/set. 2017. Disponível em: https://periodicos.utfpr.edu.br/rbgeo. Acesso em: 15 maio 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3895/rbgeo.v5n3.5511
WAGER, Laurence Robert. The Arun river drainage pattern and the rise of the Himalaya. Geographical Journal, 89, p. 239–250, 1937. Disponível em: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1785796. Acesso em: 10 jun. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1785796
WHIPPLE, Kelin; HANCOCK, Gregory Scott; ANDERSON, Robert Stephen. River incision into bedrock: Mechanics and relative efficacy of plucking, abrasion, and cavitation. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 112(3), p.490-503, 2000a. Disponível em: https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-abstract/112/3/490/183620/River-incision-into-bedrock-Mechanics-and-relative?redirectedFrom=fulltext. Acesso em: 10 jun. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<0490:RIIBMA>2.3.CO;2
WHIPPLE, Kelin; SNYDER, Neil Patrick; DOLLENMAYER, Kevin. Rates and processes of bedrock incision by the Upper Ukak River since the 1912 Novarupta ash flow in the Valley of Ten Thousands Smokes, Alaska. Geology, 28(9), p.835-838, 2000b. Disponível em: https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-abstract/28/9/835/188909/Rates-and-processes-of-bedrock-incision-by-the. Acesso em: 10 jun. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2000)028<0835:RAPOBI>2.3.CO;2
WHIPPLE, Kelin. Bedrock rivers and the geomorphology of active orogens. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 32. p.151-185, 2004. Disponível em: https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.earth.32.101802.120356. Acesso em: 10 jun. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.32.101802.120356
WOBUS, Cameron; WHIPPLE, Kelin; KIRBY, Eric; SNYDER, Neil; JOHNSON, Joel; SPYROPOLOU, Krystala; CROSBY, Benjamin Taylor; SHEEHAN, David. Tectonics from topography: Procedures, promise and pitfalls, in Tectonics, Climate and Landscape Evolution. edited by Sean Douglas Willett, et al., Geological Society of America Special Papers, 398, p.55–74, 2006. Disponível em: https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/books/book/569/chapter-abstract/3802975/Tectonics-from-topography-Procedures-promise-and?redirectedFrom=fulltext. Acesso em: 10 jun. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/2006.2398(04)
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Diego Moraes Flores, Adalto Gonçalves Lima
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The authors retain the copyright simultaneously licensing the work under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license. This license allows third parties to distribute, remix, adapt, and develop the material in any medium or format for non-commercial purposes, giving due credit for authorship and initial publication in this journal.
The journal reserves the right to make normative, orthographic, and grammatical changes to the originals in order to maintain the standardized language and the credibility of the vehicle while still respecting the authors' writing style. Conceptual suggestions, changes, or corrections will be communicated to the authors when necessary.
The opinions expressed by the authors of the articles are their sole responsibility.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license.
