Touristscapes: between gazing and performance paradigms
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/2447-1747.2022v31n1p9Keywords:
Landscape, Tourism, Gazing, Performance, Photography.Abstract
This essay aims to re-present the central role occupied by visuality in studying and experiencing landscapes in general, and, particularly, touristscapes. The distinct gazing and performing research paradigms are contrasted to demonstrate a relative theoretical, conceptual framework shift from the first to the latter in tourist landscape research. For the purpose of this demonstration, literature pertaining to Tourism and Cultural-Humanistic Geography, especially from Anglo-Saxon authors, is reviewed. The purpose is to restructure the knowledge correspondent to these subjects, at least the way they have been approached by Geography and Tourism in Brazil. Grounded on the gazing paradigm, we consider that the sense of sight is not detached from the others, and that it is not distant from the embodied practices (performing). The question is to what extent the two paradigms (gazing and performing) are in fact antagonic, or whether they complement each other dialogically in the study of landscapes in Tourism. In addition, we consider that tourist performances are the link between the gaze and the practices, approaches that are sometimes dismissed. Finally, we propose that methodologies grounded on the use of photography can be a privileged way to visually study the landscapes, as well as the performative aspects of tourism.Metrics
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References
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SCARLES, Caroline. Becoming tourist: renegotiating the visual in the tourist experience. Environment & Planning D. Space and Society, London, v. 27, n. 3, p. 465-488, 2009.
SHANKS, Michael; SVABO, Connie. Mobile-media photography: new modes of engagement. In: LARSEN, Jonas; SANDBYE, Mette (org.). Digital snaps: the new face of photography. London: I. B. Tauris, 2014. p. 227-246.
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SOUZA, Marcelo Lopes de Souza. Os conceitos fundamentais da pesquisa sócio-espacial. Rio de Janeiro: Bertrand Brasil, 2016.
TERKENLI, Theano. Turismo e paisagem. In: LEW, Alan; HALL, C. Michael; WILLIAMS, Alan (org.). Compêndio de turismo. Lisboa: Instituto Piaget, 2007. p. 381-390.
TUAN, Yi-Fu. Topofilia: um estudo da percepção, atitudes e valores do meio ambiente. Londrina: Eduel, 2012.
URRY, John. O olhar do turista: lazer e viagens nas sociedades contemporâneas. São Paulo: Nobel, 1996.
WYLIE, John. Landscape. London: Routledge, 2007.
BELLENTANI, Federico. Landscape as text. In: HIGHERA, Claudio Rodríguez; BENNET, Tyler James (org.). Concepts for semiotics. Tartu: Tartu Press, 2016. p. 76-87.
BERQUE, Augustin. El pensamento paisajero. Madrid: Biblioteca Nueva, 2009.
CAUQUELIN, Anne. A invenção da paisagem. São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2007.
CHAUI, Marilena. Janela da alma, espelho do mundo. In: NOVAES, Adauto (org.). O olhar. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 1999. p. 31-61.
CLAVAL, Paul. Epistemologia da Geografia. Florianópolis: UFSC, 2014.
COLLOT, Michel. Pontos de vista sobre a percepção de paisagens. In: NEGREIROS, Carmen; ALVES, Ida; LEMOS, Masé (org.). Literatura e paisagem em diálogo. Rio de Janeiro: Edições Makunaima, 2012. p. 11-28.
COSGROVE, Denis. Geography and vision: seeing, imagining and representing the world. London: IB Auris, 2008.
COSGROVE, Denis. Landscape and the European Sense of Sight – Eyeing the Nature. In: ANDERSON, Kay; DOMOSH, Mona; PILE, Steve; THRIFT, Nigel (org.). Handbook of cultural geography. London: Sage, 2002. p. 249-268,
CRANG, Mike. Knowing, tourism and practices of vision. In: CROUCH, David (org.). Leisure/tourism geographies: practices and geographical knowledge. London: Routledge, 1999. p. 239-256.
CRESSWELL, Tim. Landscape and the obliteration of practice. In: ANDERSON, Kay et al. (org.). Handbook of cultural geography. London: Sage, 2002. p. 259-282.
CROUCH, David. Flirting with space: thinking landscape relationally. Cultural Geographies, London, v. 17, n. 1, p. 5-18, jan. 2010.
CROUCH, David. Introduction: encounters in leisure/tourism. In: CROUCH, David (org.). Leisure/tourism geographies: practices and geographical knowledge. London: Routledge, 1999. p. 1-16.
EDENSOR, Tim. Performing tourism, staging tourism: (re)producing tourist space and practice. Tourist Studies, London, v. 1, n. 1, p. 59-81, jun. 2001.
GASTAL, Susana de Araujo. Imagem, paisagem e turismo: a construção do olhar romântico. Pasos, El Sauzal, v. 11, n. 3, p. 123-133, 2013.
GOMES, Paulo César da Costa. O lugar do olhar: elementos para uma geografia da visibilidade. Rio de Janeiro: Bertrand Brasil, 2013.
HALL, Stuart. Cultura e representação. Rio de Janeiro: PUC-Rio, 2016.
JENKINS, Olivia. Photography and travel brochures: the circle of representation. Tourism Geographies, London, v. 5, n. 3, p. 305-328, 2003.
JOLY, Martine. Introdução à análise da imagem. Campinas: Papirus, 2012.
KNUDSEN, Daniel; RICKLY-BOYD, Jillian; METRO-ROLAND, Michelle. Landscape perspectives on tourism geographies. In: WILSON, Julie (org.). The routledge handbook of tourism geographies. London: Routledge, 2012. p. 201-207.
KNUDSEN, Daniel; SOPER, Anne; METRO-ROLAND, Michelle. Commentary: gazing, performing and reading: a landscape approach to understanding meaning in tourism theory. Tourism Geographies, London, v. 9, n. 3, p. 227-233, 2007.
KUNZ, Jaciel Gustavo. Paisagens e turismo na-da Lagoa Mirim (Brasil-Uruguai): complexus de práticas e significados. 2021. Tese (Doutorado em Geografia) – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 2021.
LARSEN, Jonas. The (Im)mobile life of digital photographs: the case of tourist photography. In: LARSEN, Jonas; SANDBYE, Mette (org.). Digital snaps: the new face of photography. London: I. B. Tauris, 2014. p. 25-46.
LARSEN, Jonas; SANDBYE, Mette. Introduction: the new face of snapshot photography. In: LARSEN, Jonas; SANDBYE, Mette (org.). Digital snaps: the new face of photography. London: I. B. Tauris, 2014. p. xv-xxiii.
LARSEN, Jonas; URRY, John. Gazing and performing. Environment and Planning D. Society and Space, London, v. 29, n. 6, p. 1110-1125, Jan. 2011.
LORIMER, Hayden. Cultural geography: the busyness of being more-than-representational. Progress in Human Geography, London, v. 29, n. 1, p. 83-94, 2005.
MACCANNELL, Dean. The ethics of sightseeing. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2011.
MACCANNELL, Dean. Tourist agency. Tourist Studies, London, v. 1, n. 1, p. 23-37, June 2001.
MINCA, Claudio. El sujeto, el paisaje y el juego posmoderno. In: NOGUÉ, Joan Font (org.). El paisaje en la cultura contemporánea. Madrid: Biblioteca Nueva, 2008. p. 209-232.
MINCA, Claudio. The tourist landscape paradox. Social & Cultural Geography, London, v. 8, n. 3, p. 433-453, Ago. 2007.
NOGUÉ, Joan Font. Introducción: la valorización cultural del paisaje en la contemporaneidad. In: NOGUÉ, Joan Font (org.). El paisaje en la cultura contemporánea. Madrid: Biblioteca Nueva, 2008. p. 9-24.
PANOFSKY, Erving. Significado nas artes visuais. São Paulo: Perspectiva, 2017.
PIMENTEL, Maurício Ragagnin; CASTROGIOVANNI, Antonio Carlos. Geografia e turismo: em busca de uma interação complexa. Rosa dos Ventos, Caxias do Sul, v. 7, n. 3, p. 440-458, jul./set. 2015.
POTOCKA, Ilona. The lakescape in the eyes of a tourist. Quaestiones Geographicae, Poznan, v. 32, n. 3, p. 85-97, 2013.
SANCHEZ-VAZQUEZ, Adolfo. Convite à estética. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 1999.
SCARLES, Caroline. Becoming tourist: renegotiating the visual in the tourist experience. Environment & Planning D. Space and Society, London, v. 27, n. 3, p. 465-488, 2009.
SHANKS, Michael; SVABO, Connie. Mobile-media photography: new modes of engagement. In: LARSEN, Jonas; SANDBYE, Mette (org.). Digital snaps: the new face of photography. London: I. B. Tauris, 2014. p. 227-246.
SHELLER, Mimi; URRY, John. Places of play, places in play. In: SHELLER, Mimi; URRY, John (org.). Tourism mobilities: places to play, places in play. London: Routledge, 2004. p. 1-10.
SOUZA, Marcelo Lopes de Souza. Os conceitos fundamentais da pesquisa sócio-espacial. Rio de Janeiro: Bertrand Brasil, 2016.
TERKENLI, Theano. Turismo e paisagem. In: LEW, Alan; HALL, C. Michael; WILLIAMS, Alan (org.). Compêndio de turismo. Lisboa: Instituto Piaget, 2007. p. 381-390.
TUAN, Yi-Fu. Topofilia: um estudo da percepção, atitudes e valores do meio ambiente. Londrina: Eduel, 2012.
URRY, John. O olhar do turista: lazer e viagens nas sociedades contemporâneas. São Paulo: Nobel, 1996.
WYLIE, John. Landscape. London: Routledge, 2007.
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2022-01-12
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Kunz, J. G., Castrogiovanni, A. C., & Pimentel, M. R. (2022). Touristscapes: between gazing and performance paradigms. GEOGRAFIA (Londrina), 31(1), 9–29. https://doi.org/10.5433/2447-1747.2022v31n1p9
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