The cultural complex theory: a Jungian social perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/2236-6407.2021v12n1p158Keywords:
analytical psychology, cultural complex, cultural unconscious, intergroup conflictAbstract
This paper conducts a conceptual analysis of the theory of Cultural Complexes in the works of Samuel Kimbles and Thomas Singer. A theory of Cultural Complexes can be used as a form of intergroup conflict analysis, describing a description of an internal sociology. This review aims to present a current critique and critique of the concept. Integration themes, telos, and the presence of cultural complexes in clinical practice and some critiques of the concept are presented. Note the presence of complementary concepts that seek to support this theory. Finally, it is observed the maintenance of a basic structure of this concept, although the contributions have been verified throughout the analyzed works, mainly in the use of concepts that seek to complement the description of the applications of the Cultural Complexes.
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References
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Gambini, R. (1982). O espelho índio: os jesuítas e a destruição da alma indígena. Rio de Janeiro: Espaço e Tempo.
Gambini, R. (2003). Soul and Culture. Texas: Texas A&M University Press.
Graff, J. (2018). Re-interpreting Elián González: The Puzzles of the Cultural Complex. Jung Journal: Culture & Psyche. 12(1), 42-56. https://doi.org/10.1080/19342039.2018.1403255
Henderson, J. (1984). Cultural Attitudes in Psychological Perspective. Toronto: Inner City Books.
Henderson, J. (1990). The Cultural Unconscious. In Henderson, J. Shadow and Self: Selected Papers in Analytical Psychology. (pp. 103-113). Chicago: Chiron.
Jung, C. (1902/2013). Sobre a psicologia e patologia dos fenômenos chamados n ocultos. In Estudos psiquiátricos. (pp. 11-203). Petrópolis: Vozes. (Obras Completas v. 1).
Jung, C. (1903/2013). Sobre a estimulação de distúrbio mental. In Estudos psiquiátricos. (pp.167-196). Petrópolis: Vozes. (Obras Completas v. 1).
Jung, C. (1904/2013). Parecer médico sobre um caso de simulação de insanidade mental. In Estudos psiquiátricos. (pp.197-214). Petrópolis: Vozes. (Obras Completas v. 1).
Jung, C. (1904/2012). Estudos diagnósticos de associações. Estudos Experimentais. (pp. 9-248). Petrópolis: Vozes. (Obras Completas, volume 1).
Jung, C. (1905/2013). Criptomnésia. In Estudos psiquiátricos. (pp.108-119). Petrópolis: Vozes. (Obras Completas v. 1).
Jung, C. (1912/2013). Símbolos da transformação. Petrópolis: Vozes. (Obras Completas, v. 5).
Jung, C. (1916/2015). O eu e o inconsciente. (pp. 72-82). Petrópolis: Vozes. (Obras Completas, v. 7/2).
Jung, C. (1919/2013). Instinto e Inconsciente. In A natureza da psique. (pp. 72-82). Petrópolis: Vozes. (Obras Completas v. 8/2).
Jung, C. (1920/2013). Tipos Psicológicos. (pp. 467-468). Petrópolis: Vozes. (Obras Completas, volume 6).
Jung, C. (1925/2014). Seminários sobre psicologia analítica (1925). Petrópolis: Vozes.
Jung, C. (1928/2013). Aspectos gerais da psicologia do sonho. In A natureza da psique. (pp. 186-234). Petrópolis: Vozes. (Obras Completas v. 8/2).
Jung, C. (1934/2013). Considerações gerais sobre a teoria dos complexos. In A natureza da psique. (pp.39-52). Petrópolis: Vozes. (Obras Completas v. 8/2).
Jung, C. (1936/2012). Wotan. In Aspectos do drama contemporâneo. (pp.13-27). Petrópolis: Vozes. (Obras completas, v. 10/2)
Jung, C. (1949/2012). Prefácio ao livro de Neumann “Depth psychology and a new ethic”. In A vida simbólica. (pp.205-211). Petrópolis: Vozes. (Obras completas, v. 18/2).
Jung, C. (1953/2013). Um mito moderno sobre as coisas vistas no céu. Petrópolis: Vozes. (Obras completas, v. 10/4).
Jung, C. (1958/2013). Presente e futuro. Petrópolis: Vozes. (Obras completas, v. 10/1).
Kimbles, S. (2000). The Cultural Complex and the Myth of Invisibility. In T. Singer. (Ed.). The Vision Thing. (pp. 157-169). New York: Routledge.
Kimbles, S. (2003a). Joe Henderson and the Cultural Unconscious. The San Francisco Jung Institute Library Journal. 22(2), 53–58. https://doi.org/10.1525/jung.1.2003.22.2.53
Kimbles, S. (2003b). Cultural complexes and collective shadow processes. in J. Beebe. (Ed.). Terror, violence and the impulse to destroy. (pp. 211–33). Einsiedeln, Switzerland: Daimon Press.
Kimbles, S. (2004). A cultural complex operating in the overlap of clinical and cultural space. In. T. Singer. & S. Kimbles. (Eds.). The cultural complex: Contemporary Jungian perspectives on psyche and society. New York: Routledge.
Kimbles, S. (2006). Cultural complexes and the transmission of group traumas in everyday life. Psychology Perspectives, 49 (1), 96–110.
Kimbles, S. (2007). Social Suffering through Cultural Mourning, Cultural Melancholia, and Cultural Complexes. Spring: A Journal of Archetype and Culture. Vol. 78.
Kimbles, S. (2014). Phantom narratives: The unseen contributions of culture to psyche. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
Kimbles, S. (2016). Phantom narratives and the uncanny in cultural life: psychic presences and their shadows. European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling, 18(2), 156–169. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642537.2016.1170061
Kimbles, S. (2017). Floating worlds and their phantoms in the aftermath of social catastrophes. J Anal Psychol, 62: 130–146. doi: 10.1111/1468-5922.12289.
Laurenti, C. & Lopes, C. (2016). Metodologia da pesquisa conceitual em psicologia. In C. Laurenti. C. Lopes, & S. Araujo. Pesquisa Teórica em Psicologia. São Paulo: Hogrefe.
Lu, K. (2013a). Can individual psychology explain social phenomena? An appraisal of the theory of cultural complexes. Psychoanalysis, Culture & Society. 18(4), 386-404. https://doi.org/10.1057/pcs.2012.43
Lu, K. (2013b). Reply to Thomas Singer. Psychoanalysis, Culture & Society. 18(4), 416-422. https://doi.org/10.1057/pcs.2012.43
Machado, A., Lourenço, O., & Silva, F. (2000). Facts, concepts, and theories: the shape of psychology’s epistemic triangle. Behavior and Philosophy, Cambridge, 28, 1-40.
Odajynk, V. (1976). Jung and politics: The political and social ideas of C. G. Jung. New York: Harper.
Progoff, I. (1953). Jung's psychology and its social meaning; An introductory statement of C.G. Jung's psychological theories and a first interpretation of their significance for the social sciences. New York Grove Press.
Samuels, A. (1989/1992). A psique plural. Rio de Janeiro: Imago.
Samuels, A. (1993/1995). A psique política. Rio de Janeiro: Imago.
Samuels, A. (2001/2002). A política no divã. São Paulo: Summus.
Samuels, A., Shorter, B. Plaut, F. (1998). Dicionário crítico de análise junguiana. Rio de Janeiro: Imago/Consultoria Editora.
Singer, T. (2002). The Cultural Complex and Archetypal Defenses of the Collective Spirit: Baby Zeus, Elian Gonzales, Constantine's Sword, and Other Holy Wars. San Francisco Jung Institute Library Journal, 20(4): 4–28.
Singer, T. (2003). Cultural Complexes and Archetypal Defenses of the Spirit. in J. Beebe. (Ed.). Terror, violence and the impulse to destroy. (pp. 191–210). Einsiedeln, Switzerland: Daimon Press.
Singer, T. (2006a). The cultural complex: a statement of the theory and its application. Psychother. Politics Int., 4: 197-212. doi:10.1002/ppi.110
Singer, T. (2006b). Unconscious Forces Shaping International Conflicts: Archetypal Defenses of the Group Spirit from Revolutionary America to Confrontation in the Middle East. The San Francisco Jung Institute Library Journal, 25(4), 6–28. https://doi.org/10.1525/jung.1.2006.25.4.6
Singer, T. (2006c). The Cultural Complex in Theory and Practice. In L. Cowan (Ed.). Barcelona 2004 Edges of Experience: Memory and Emergence. Proceeding of the Sixteeth International Conference for Analytical Psychology. Einsiedeln, Switzerland: Daimon.
Singer, T. (2007). A Personal Reflection on Politics and the American Soul. Spring: A Journal of Archetype and Culture. Vol. 78
Singer, T. (2009). A Jungian approach to understanding 'us vs them' dynamics. Psychoanalysis, Culture and Society, 14(1), 32–40.
Singer, T. (2010). The transcendent function and cultural complexes: a working hypothesis. Journal of Analytical Psychology. 55(2), 234-241.
Singer, T. (2012a). The Meshugana Complex: Notes from a Big Galoot Galut. Jung Journal: Culture & Psyche, 6(1), 72–84. https://doi.org/10.1525/jung.2012.6.1.72
Singer, T. (2012b). The transcendent function, cultural complexes and change in society. Irish Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy. 12(2), 22-26.
Singer, T. (2012c). Introduction. In P. Amezaga., G. Barcellos., A. Capriles., J. Gerson., & D. Ramos. (Eds.). (2012). Listening to Latin America: Exploring cultural complexes in Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Uruguay, and Venezuela. (pp. 1-13). New Orleans: Spring Journal Books.
Singer, T. (2013a). Response to Kevin Lu’s “Can individual psychology explain social phenomena? An appraisal of the theory of cultural complexes.” Psychoanalysis, Culture & Society, 18(4), 405–415. https://doi.org/10.1057/pcs.2013.18
Singer. T. (2013b). Playing the race card: A cultural complex in action. In G. Heuer (Ed.). Sacral Revolutions Reflecting on the Work of Andrew Samuels – Cutting Edges in Psychoanalysis and Jungian Analysis. New York: Routledge
Singer, T. (2014a). On the Cultural Complex: Introductory Remarks to a 2013 IAAP Copenhagen Conference Panel. In E. Kiehl (Ed.). Copenhagen 2013 - 100 Years On: Origins, Innovations and Controversies. Einsiedeln, Switzerland: Daimon.
Singer, T. (2014b). Psyche and Society: Some Personal Reflections on the Development of the Cultural Complex Theory. Journal of Jungian Scholarly Studies, 9(1), 1–12. Disponível em: http://www.jungiansociety.org/images/e-journal/Volume-9/JSSSvol9-2014.pdf#page=7
Singer, T. (2015). Is America's "Money Complex" bankrupting Its Character? In P. Peay. (Ed.). America on the Couch: Psychological Perspectives on American Politics and Culture. (pp. 312-323). Brooklyn: Lantern.
Singer, T. (2016a). Trump and the american selfie spirit. In S. Carta. A. Adorisio. R. Mercurio. (Eds.). The Analyst in the Polis (Volume I). Rome: Street Lib.
Singer, T. (2016b). Snapshots of the obamacare cultural complex. In E. Kiehl. M. Saban. A. Samuels. (Eds.). Analysis and Activism: Social and Political Contributions of Jungian Psychology (pp. 147-155). New York: Routledge.
Singer, T. (2016c). President Trump and the American Selfie Spirit: Archetypal Defenses of the Group Spirit. In S. Busen, L. Cruz, J. Bolen (Eds.). A Clear and Present Danger: Narcissism in the Era of President Trump. Asheville: Chiron
Singer, T. (2016d). Introduction. In T. Singer. & J. Rasche. (Eds.). (2016). Europe’s Many Souls: Exploring Cultural Complexes and Identities. (pp. 1-13). New Orleans: Spring Journal Books.
Singer, T. (2017). Donald Trump and the American Collective Psyche. In B. Lee. (Ed.). The Dangerous Case of Donald Trump: 27 Psychiatrists and Mental Health Experts Assess a President. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Singer, T. (2018a). The cultural complex theory: scientific and mythopoetic ways of knowing. In J. Cambray, L. Sawin. (Eds.). Research in Analytical Psychology: Applications from Scientific, Historical, and Cross-Cultural Research: Volume 1. New York: Routledge.
Singer, T. (2018b). Extinction Anxiety and Donald Trump. In S. Buser, J. Gartner. (Eds.). Rocket Man: Nuclear Madness and the Mind of Donald Trump. Asheville: Chiron.
Singer, T.; Kaplinsky, C. (2010). Cultural Complexes in Analysis. In M. Stein (Ed.). Jungian Psychoanalysis: Working in the Spirit of C.G. Jung (pp. 22-37). Open Court Publishing Company: Chicago.
Singer, T., & Kimbles, S. (Eds.). (2004a). The cultural complex: Contemporary Jungian perspectives on psyche and society. New York: Routledge.
Singer, T., & Kimbles, S. (2004b). The emerging theory of cultural complexes. In Cambray, J. & Carter, L. (Eds.). Analytical psychology: Contemporary perspectives in Jungian analysis. (pp.176–203). New York: Routledge.
Shamdasani, S. (2011). Jung e a Construção de uma Psicologia Moderna: O Sonho de uma Ciência. Aparecida – SP: Editora Idéias e Letras.
Shamdasani, S. (2012). Introdução. In. C. Jung, O livro vermelho: Liber Novus. Petrópolis: Vozes.
Waldron, S. (2003). Cultural property and the dilemma of the collective unconscious. Quadrant, XXXIII, 35–49.
Gambini, R. (1982). O espelho índio: os jesuítas e a destruição da alma indígena. Rio de Janeiro: Espaço e Tempo.
Gambini, R. (2003). Soul and Culture. Texas: Texas A&M University Press.
Graff, J. (2018). Re-interpreting Elián González: The Puzzles of the Cultural Complex. Jung Journal: Culture & Psyche. 12(1), 42-56. https://doi.org/10.1080/19342039.2018.1403255
Henderson, J. (1984). Cultural Attitudes in Psychological Perspective. Toronto: Inner City Books.
Henderson, J. (1990). The Cultural Unconscious. In Henderson, J. Shadow and Self: Selected Papers in Analytical Psychology. (pp. 103-113). Chicago: Chiron.
Jung, C. (1902/2013). Sobre a psicologia e patologia dos fenômenos chamados n ocultos. In Estudos psiquiátricos. (pp. 11-203). Petrópolis: Vozes. (Obras Completas v. 1).
Jung, C. (1903/2013). Sobre a estimulação de distúrbio mental. In Estudos psiquiátricos. (pp.167-196). Petrópolis: Vozes. (Obras Completas v. 1).
Jung, C. (1904/2013). Parecer médico sobre um caso de simulação de insanidade mental. In Estudos psiquiátricos. (pp.197-214). Petrópolis: Vozes. (Obras Completas v. 1).
Jung, C. (1904/2012). Estudos diagnósticos de associações. Estudos Experimentais. (pp. 9-248). Petrópolis: Vozes. (Obras Completas, volume 1).
Jung, C. (1905/2013). Criptomnésia. In Estudos psiquiátricos. (pp.108-119). Petrópolis: Vozes. (Obras Completas v. 1).
Jung, C. (1912/2013). Símbolos da transformação. Petrópolis: Vozes. (Obras Completas, v. 5).
Jung, C. (1916/2015). O eu e o inconsciente. (pp. 72-82). Petrópolis: Vozes. (Obras Completas, v. 7/2).
Jung, C. (1919/2013). Instinto e Inconsciente. In A natureza da psique. (pp. 72-82). Petrópolis: Vozes. (Obras Completas v. 8/2).
Jung, C. (1920/2013). Tipos Psicológicos. (pp. 467-468). Petrópolis: Vozes. (Obras Completas, volume 6).
Jung, C. (1925/2014). Seminários sobre psicologia analítica (1925). Petrópolis: Vozes.
Jung, C. (1928/2013). Aspectos gerais da psicologia do sonho. In A natureza da psique. (pp. 186-234). Petrópolis: Vozes. (Obras Completas v. 8/2).
Jung, C. (1934/2013). Considerações gerais sobre a teoria dos complexos. In A natureza da psique. (pp.39-52). Petrópolis: Vozes. (Obras Completas v. 8/2).
Jung, C. (1936/2012). Wotan. In Aspectos do drama contemporâneo. (pp.13-27). Petrópolis: Vozes. (Obras completas, v. 10/2)
Jung, C. (1949/2012). Prefácio ao livro de Neumann “Depth psychology and a new ethic”. In A vida simbólica. (pp.205-211). Petrópolis: Vozes. (Obras completas, v. 18/2).
Jung, C. (1953/2013). Um mito moderno sobre as coisas vistas no céu. Petrópolis: Vozes. (Obras completas, v. 10/4).
Jung, C. (1958/2013). Presente e futuro. Petrópolis: Vozes. (Obras completas, v. 10/1).
Kimbles, S. (2000). The Cultural Complex and the Myth of Invisibility. In T. Singer. (Ed.). The Vision Thing. (pp. 157-169). New York: Routledge.
Kimbles, S. (2003a). Joe Henderson and the Cultural Unconscious. The San Francisco Jung Institute Library Journal. 22(2), 53–58. https://doi.org/10.1525/jung.1.2003.22.2.53
Kimbles, S. (2003b). Cultural complexes and collective shadow processes. in J. Beebe. (Ed.). Terror, violence and the impulse to destroy. (pp. 211–33). Einsiedeln, Switzerland: Daimon Press.
Kimbles, S. (2004). A cultural complex operating in the overlap of clinical and cultural space. In. T. Singer. & S. Kimbles. (Eds.). The cultural complex: Contemporary Jungian perspectives on psyche and society. New York: Routledge.
Kimbles, S. (2006). Cultural complexes and the transmission of group traumas in everyday life. Psychology Perspectives, 49 (1), 96–110.
Kimbles, S. (2007). Social Suffering through Cultural Mourning, Cultural Melancholia, and Cultural Complexes. Spring: A Journal of Archetype and Culture. Vol. 78.
Kimbles, S. (2014). Phantom narratives: The unseen contributions of culture to psyche. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
Kimbles, S. (2016). Phantom narratives and the uncanny in cultural life: psychic presences and their shadows. European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling, 18(2), 156–169. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642537.2016.1170061
Kimbles, S. (2017). Floating worlds and their phantoms in the aftermath of social catastrophes. J Anal Psychol, 62: 130–146. doi: 10.1111/1468-5922.12289.
Laurenti, C. & Lopes, C. (2016). Metodologia da pesquisa conceitual em psicologia. In C. Laurenti. C. Lopes, & S. Araujo. Pesquisa Teórica em Psicologia. São Paulo: Hogrefe.
Lu, K. (2013a). Can individual psychology explain social phenomena? An appraisal of the theory of cultural complexes. Psychoanalysis, Culture & Society. 18(4), 386-404. https://doi.org/10.1057/pcs.2012.43
Lu, K. (2013b). Reply to Thomas Singer. Psychoanalysis, Culture & Society. 18(4), 416-422. https://doi.org/10.1057/pcs.2012.43
Machado, A., Lourenço, O., & Silva, F. (2000). Facts, concepts, and theories: the shape of psychology’s epistemic triangle. Behavior and Philosophy, Cambridge, 28, 1-40.
Odajynk, V. (1976). Jung and politics: The political and social ideas of C. G. Jung. New York: Harper.
Progoff, I. (1953). Jung's psychology and its social meaning; An introductory statement of C.G. Jung's psychological theories and a first interpretation of their significance for the social sciences. New York Grove Press.
Samuels, A. (1989/1992). A psique plural. Rio de Janeiro: Imago.
Samuels, A. (1993/1995). A psique política. Rio de Janeiro: Imago.
Samuels, A. (2001/2002). A política no divã. São Paulo: Summus.
Samuels, A., Shorter, B. Plaut, F. (1998). Dicionário crítico de análise junguiana. Rio de Janeiro: Imago/Consultoria Editora.
Singer, T. (2002). The Cultural Complex and Archetypal Defenses of the Collective Spirit: Baby Zeus, Elian Gonzales, Constantine's Sword, and Other Holy Wars. San Francisco Jung Institute Library Journal, 20(4): 4–28.
Singer, T. (2003). Cultural Complexes and Archetypal Defenses of the Spirit. in J. Beebe. (Ed.). Terror, violence and the impulse to destroy. (pp. 191–210). Einsiedeln, Switzerland: Daimon Press.
Singer, T. (2006a). The cultural complex: a statement of the theory and its application. Psychother. Politics Int., 4: 197-212. doi:10.1002/ppi.110
Singer, T. (2006b). Unconscious Forces Shaping International Conflicts: Archetypal Defenses of the Group Spirit from Revolutionary America to Confrontation in the Middle East. The San Francisco Jung Institute Library Journal, 25(4), 6–28. https://doi.org/10.1525/jung.1.2006.25.4.6
Singer, T. (2006c). The Cultural Complex in Theory and Practice. In L. Cowan (Ed.). Barcelona 2004 Edges of Experience: Memory and Emergence. Proceeding of the Sixteeth International Conference for Analytical Psychology. Einsiedeln, Switzerland: Daimon.
Singer, T. (2007). A Personal Reflection on Politics and the American Soul. Spring: A Journal of Archetype and Culture. Vol. 78
Singer, T. (2009). A Jungian approach to understanding 'us vs them' dynamics. Psychoanalysis, Culture and Society, 14(1), 32–40.
Singer, T. (2010). The transcendent function and cultural complexes: a working hypothesis. Journal of Analytical Psychology. 55(2), 234-241.
Singer, T. (2012a). The Meshugana Complex: Notes from a Big Galoot Galut. Jung Journal: Culture & Psyche, 6(1), 72–84. https://doi.org/10.1525/jung.2012.6.1.72
Singer, T. (2012b). The transcendent function, cultural complexes and change in society. Irish Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy. 12(2), 22-26.
Singer, T. (2012c). Introduction. In P. Amezaga., G. Barcellos., A. Capriles., J. Gerson., & D. Ramos. (Eds.). (2012). Listening to Latin America: Exploring cultural complexes in Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Uruguay, and Venezuela. (pp. 1-13). New Orleans: Spring Journal Books.
Singer, T. (2013a). Response to Kevin Lu’s “Can individual psychology explain social phenomena? An appraisal of the theory of cultural complexes.” Psychoanalysis, Culture & Society, 18(4), 405–415. https://doi.org/10.1057/pcs.2013.18
Singer. T. (2013b). Playing the race card: A cultural complex in action. In G. Heuer (Ed.). Sacral Revolutions Reflecting on the Work of Andrew Samuels – Cutting Edges in Psychoanalysis and Jungian Analysis. New York: Routledge
Singer, T. (2014a). On the Cultural Complex: Introductory Remarks to a 2013 IAAP Copenhagen Conference Panel. In E. Kiehl (Ed.). Copenhagen 2013 - 100 Years On: Origins, Innovations and Controversies. Einsiedeln, Switzerland: Daimon.
Singer, T. (2014b). Psyche and Society: Some Personal Reflections on the Development of the Cultural Complex Theory. Journal of Jungian Scholarly Studies, 9(1), 1–12. Disponível em: http://www.jungiansociety.org/images/e-journal/Volume-9/JSSSvol9-2014.pdf#page=7
Singer, T. (2015). Is America's "Money Complex" bankrupting Its Character? In P. Peay. (Ed.). America on the Couch: Psychological Perspectives on American Politics and Culture. (pp. 312-323). Brooklyn: Lantern.
Singer, T. (2016a). Trump and the american selfie spirit. In S. Carta. A. Adorisio. R. Mercurio. (Eds.). The Analyst in the Polis (Volume I). Rome: Street Lib.
Singer, T. (2016b). Snapshots of the obamacare cultural complex. In E. Kiehl. M. Saban. A. Samuels. (Eds.). Analysis and Activism: Social and Political Contributions of Jungian Psychology (pp. 147-155). New York: Routledge.
Singer, T. (2016c). President Trump and the American Selfie Spirit: Archetypal Defenses of the Group Spirit. In S. Busen, L. Cruz, J. Bolen (Eds.). A Clear and Present Danger: Narcissism in the Era of President Trump. Asheville: Chiron
Singer, T. (2016d). Introduction. In T. Singer. & J. Rasche. (Eds.). (2016). Europe’s Many Souls: Exploring Cultural Complexes and Identities. (pp. 1-13). New Orleans: Spring Journal Books.
Singer, T. (2017). Donald Trump and the American Collective Psyche. In B. Lee. (Ed.). The Dangerous Case of Donald Trump: 27 Psychiatrists and Mental Health Experts Assess a President. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Singer, T. (2018a). The cultural complex theory: scientific and mythopoetic ways of knowing. In J. Cambray, L. Sawin. (Eds.). Research in Analytical Psychology: Applications from Scientific, Historical, and Cross-Cultural Research: Volume 1. New York: Routledge.
Singer, T. (2018b). Extinction Anxiety and Donald Trump. In S. Buser, J. Gartner. (Eds.). Rocket Man: Nuclear Madness and the Mind of Donald Trump. Asheville: Chiron.
Singer, T.; Kaplinsky, C. (2010). Cultural Complexes in Analysis. In M. Stein (Ed.). Jungian Psychoanalysis: Working in the Spirit of C.G. Jung (pp. 22-37). Open Court Publishing Company: Chicago.
Singer, T., & Kimbles, S. (Eds.). (2004a). The cultural complex: Contemporary Jungian perspectives on psyche and society. New York: Routledge.
Singer, T., & Kimbles, S. (2004b). The emerging theory of cultural complexes. In Cambray, J. & Carter, L. (Eds.). Analytical psychology: Contemporary perspectives in Jungian analysis. (pp.176–203). New York: Routledge.
Shamdasani, S. (2011). Jung e a Construção de uma Psicologia Moderna: O Sonho de uma Ciência. Aparecida – SP: Editora Idéias e Letras.
Shamdasani, S. (2012). Introdução. In. C. Jung, O livro vermelho: Liber Novus. Petrópolis: Vozes.
Waldron, S. (2003). Cultural property and the dilemma of the collective unconscious. Quadrant, XXXIII, 35–49.
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2021-06-24
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Silva, C. E., & Serbena, C. A. (2021). The cultural complex theory: a Jungian social perspective. Estudos Interdisciplinares Em Psicologia, 12(1), 158–182. https://doi.org/10.5433/2236-6407.2021v12n1p158
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