Colonial photography at the service of racial order
the German experience in South West Africa (1884-1939)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1984-3356.2024v17n33p316-349Keywords:
colonialism, Racism, Photography, german imperialism, NazismAbstract
The photography in colonial context shows itself today as an important and complex source for the historiography of contemporary empires. Even the brief German imperialism has used the photographic apparatus to register the most diverse scenes and colonial peoples, as well as from such material many uses were made in different material supports. From the photographic archive of the German Colonial Society, we aim here to develop an analysis about the colonial photographs, seeking to place them in the broad context of the development of the imperialistic politics and the racial ‘sciences’. For that purpose, we will analyse one geographical space at two distinct moments: firstly, we will discuss the role of visuality of the Other as an important element in the colonial enterprise; in a second moment, we will think about the permanence of the racial ideology in the former German colonial territory of South-West Africa, based on photographic records and activities of German settlers linked to the Nazi Party in this African space.
Downloads
References
ARENDT, Hannah. Origens do totalitarismo. São Paulo: Cia. das Letras, 1989.
BACHRACH, Susan. In the name of public health – nazi racial hygiene. New England Journal of Medicine, Waltham, v. 351, p. 417-419, 2004.
BREPOHL, Marion. Conter os casamentos mistos: Eugen Fischer num povoado livre do racismo. In: CONGRESSO LUSO AFRO BRASILEIRO DE CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS, 11., 2011, Salvador. Anais [...]. Salvador, UFBA, 2011. p. 1-11.
BREPOHL, Marion. Os pangermanistas na África: inclusão e exclusão dos nativos nos planos expansionistas do Império, 1896-1914. Revista Brasileira de História, São Paulo, v. 33, n. 66, p. 13-29, 2013.
BRESCIANI, Maria Stella. Londres e Paris no século XIX. São Paulo: Brasiliense, 2013.
BRUNETEAU, Bernard. Un siècle de génocides. Paris: Armand Colin, 2016.
CORREA, Sílvio. Colonialismo, germanismo e sociedades de ginástica no Sudoeste Africano. Recorde: Revista de História do Esporte, Rio de Janeiro, v. 5, n. 2, p. 1-20, 2012.
COSTA, Marcilene Silva. Circulação de imagens coloniais na França contemporânea. Vista: Revista de Cultura Visual, Braga, n. 6, p. 143-158, 2020.
CUNHA, Fabiana; CARVALHO, Leonardo. Relatos de um explorador inglês: uma perspectiva da viagem de Francis Galton pelo sudoeste da África (1850-1852). SAECULUM, João Pessoa, v. 33, p. 319-337, 2015.
FANON, Frantz. Em defesa da Revolução Africana. Lisboa: Sá da Costa Editora, 1980.
FANON, Frantz. Pele Negra, Máscaras Brancas. Salvador: EDUFBA, 2008.
FISCHER, Eugen. Die Rehobother Bastards: und das bastardierungsproblem beim Menschen. Jena: Verlag von Gustav Fischer, 1913. Disponível em: https://velesova-sloboda.info/album/fischer-rehobother-bastards.html. Acesso em: 10 fev. 2024.
FISCHER, Eugen; GUENTHER, Hans. Deutsche Koepfe Nordischer Rasse. Munchen: J. F. Verlag, 1927.
GEWALD, Jan-Bart. Colonisation, Genocide and Ressurgence: the Herero of Namibia, 1890-1923. ZIMMERER, J.; ZELLER, J. Genocide in German South-West Africa: the colonial war of 1904-1908 and its aftermath. Monmouth: Merlin Press, 2007. p. 187-225.
GOETHE UNIVERSITÄT. Universitätsbibliothek. Koloniales Bildarchiv. Über das Bildarchiv der Deutschen Kolonialgesellschaft. Frankfurt: Koloniales Bildarchiv, 2018. Disponível em: https://sammlungen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/kolonialesbildarchiv. Acesso em: 10 fev. 2024.
GORDON, Robert. The rise of the bushman penis: germans, genitália and genocide. African Studies, Johannesburg, v. 57, n. 1, p. 27-54. 1998.
HAYES, Patricia; SILVESTER, Jeremy; HARTMANN, Wolfram. Picturing the Past in Namibia: the visual archive and its energies. In: HAMILTON, C. et.al. (ed). Refiguring the Archive. Springer Netherlands, 2002. p. 103-133.
HAYES, Patricia; SILVESTER, Jeremy; HARTMANN, Wolfram. The colonising camera: photographs in the making of Namibian history. Cape Town: UCT Press, 2001.
HIGHT, Eleanor; SAMPSON, Gary (ed.). Colonialist photography: imag(in)ing race and place. London: Routledge, 2004.
JOEDEN-FORGEY, Elisa von. Race power, freedom and the democracy of terror in German racialist thought. In: KING, R.; STONE, D. (org.). Hannah Arendt and the uses of History. Nova Iorque: Berghahn Books, 2007.
JAEGER, Jens. Colony as Heimat? The formation of colonial identity in Germany around 1900. German History, [London], v. 27, n. 4, p. 467-489, 2009.
KRACHENSKI, Naiara. As colônias alemãs perdidas na África. Curitiba: Editora Prismas, 2016.
LINDQVIST, Sven. Exterminad a todos los salvajes. Madrid: Turner, 2021.
MATOS, Patrícia Ferraz de. A fotografia na obra de Mendes Correia (1888-1960): modos de representar, diferenciar e classificar da antropologia colonial. In: VICENTE, F. L. (org.). O Império da Visão: fotografia no contexto colonial português (1860-1960). Lisboa: Edições 70, 2014.
NATERMANN, Diana Miryong. On the longevity of visual colonial stereotyping and its influence on twenty-first century societal and identity debates. Antíteses, Londrina, v. 16, n. 31, p. 326-353, 2023.
PEREIRA, Analúcia Danilevicz. A (longa) história da desigualdade na África do Sul. Philia&Filia, Florianópolis, v. 2, n. 2, p. 118-148, 2010.
RANCIÉRE, Jacques. O que significa estética. Lisboa: KKYM, 2011.
RYAN, James. Fotografia Colonial. In: VICENTE, Filipa (org.). O Império da Visão: fotografia no contexto colonial português (1860-1960). Lisboa: Edições 70, 2014. p. 31-42.
SCHVEITZER, Ana Carolina. Imagens do Império: mulheres africanas pelas lentes coloniais alemãs (1884-1914). 2016. Dissertação (Mestrado em História) - UFSC, Florianópolis, 2016.
SHEPHERD, Nick. Showing, telling, looking: intimate encounters in the making of South African Archaeology. In: VOSS, B.; CASELLA, E. (org.). The Archaeology of Colonialism. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012. p. 290-302.
SHEPHERD, Nick. The mirror in the ground: archaeology, photography and the making of a disciplinary archive. Cape Town: Jonathan Ball Publishers, 2015.
STEINMETZ, George; HELL, Julia. The visual archive of colonialism: Germany and Namibia. Public Culture, Durham, v. 18, n. 1, p. 147-184, 2006.
WALLACE, Marion. A History of Namibia. Nova York: Columbia University Press, 2011.
WEIKART, Richard. The role of darwinism in nazi racial thought. German Studies Review, vol. 36, n. 3, 2013.
YOUNG, Robert. Colonial Desire. Londres: Routledge, 1995.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Naiara Krachenski
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The journal reserves the copyright on the contributions published, without material compensation for the author, and may make them available online in Open Access mode, through its own system or other databases; you can also make normative, orthographic and grammatical changes in the originals, in order to maintain the cultured standard of the language, with the final consent of the authors. The opinions expressed by the authors are their sole responsibility.
