Characterization of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolated from underground water for human consumption in a rural settlement
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0367.2020v41n2p263Keywords:
DEC, Water in natura, SettlementAbstract
Diarrheogenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is an important agent of waterborne gastrointestinal infections. The objective of this work was to evaluate the microbiological and physico-chemical quality of 58 freshwater groundwater samples for the consumption of a rural settlement and to characterize the E. coli isolates, genotyped within the DEC pathophyses, by the PCR technique, and phenotypically. All water samples presented contamination with total coliforms, and 36 (62.1%) with E. coli. In HEp-2 cells, of 170 E. coli isolates, 106 (62.36%) showed AA, 15 (8.82%) AD, 17 (10%) noncharacterized adhesion and 32 (18.82%) were non-adherent. As for biofilm formation, 126 (74.12%) strains are forming, and 44 (25.88%) did not form biofilm. DEC was identified in 6.89% of the water samples with E. coli: three (5.17%) with enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), and one (1.72%) with enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC). EAEC showed aggregative adherence, whereas various ETEC strains presented diffuse, aggregative, and non-defined adherence. All DEC strains were biofilm forming. Two isolates of ETEC showed resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline, and one isolate showed resistance to aminoglycosides. The EAEC isolate was sensitive to all antibiotics tested. All ETECs were classified into phylogenetic B1 and EAEC in E. The serotypes identified in our study were: O24:H21, ONT:H21, O17:H46, and O6:H12. All water samples were within normal fluorine parameters; however, measured turbidity was above the permitted standard in 13 (22.4%) samples. The presence of E. coli and DEC in water samples indicates the need to take action to prevent contamination of water resources accessed by people to prevent the transmission of diseasesDownloads
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References
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Schuroff PA, Burgos TN, Lima NR, Lopes AM, Pelayo JS. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of potentially pathogenic Escherichia coli from water treatment plants. Arq Ciênc Saúde. 2014;21(3):93-8.
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Batabyal P, Mookerjee S, Sur D, Palit A. Diarrheogenic Escherechia coli in potable water sources of West Bengal, India. Acta Trop. 2013;127(3):153–7.
Araújo S. Characterization of antibiotic resistant and pathogenic Escherichia coli in irrigation water and vegetables in household farms. Int J Food Microbiol. 2017; 257:192-200.
Nishimura LS, Ferreira LCS, Pacheco ABF, Guth BE. Relationship between outer membrane protein and lipopolysaccharide profiles and serotypes of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated in Brazil. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1996;143:253-8.
Jaeseung S, Ki-Bok Y, Doo-Young J, Sung-Suk O, Kyung-Hwan O, Gyung TC, Seung WK, Seung-Hak C. Consecutive Outbreaks of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli O6 in Schools in South Korea Caused by Contamination. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2016;13(10):535-43.
Benevides-Matos N, Pieri FA, Penatti M, Orlandi PP. Adherence and virulence genes of Escherichia coli from children diarrhoea in the Brazilian Amazon. Braz J Microbiol. 2015;46(1):131-7.
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World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). Progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene: 2017. [cited 2019 Jan 25]. Disponível em: https://www.unicef.org/publications/index_96611.html#
Ferreira DC, Luz SLB, Buss DF. Evaluation of simple diffusion chlorinators for decontamination of wells in a rural settlement in Amazonia, Brazil. Cien Saude Colet. 2016;21(3):767-76.
Clements A, Young JC, Constantinou N, Frankel G. Infection strategies of enteric pathogenic Escherichia coli. Gut Microbes. 2012;3(2):71-87.
Gomes TAT, Elias WP, Scaletsky ICA, Guth BEC, Rodrigues JF, Piazza RMF, Ferreira LCS, Martinez MB. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Braz J Microbiol. 2016;47(Suppl 1):3–30.
American Public Health Association. Standard Methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 23a ed. Washington: APHA; 2017.
Schuroff PA, Burgos TN, Lima NR, Lopes AM, Pelayo JS. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of potentially pathogenic Escherichia coli from water treatment plants. Arq Ciênc Saúde. 2014;21(3):93-8.
Lascowski KMS, Guth BEC, Martins FH, Rocha SPD, Irino K, Pelayo JS. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in drinking water supplies of north Paraná State, Brazil. J Appl Microbiol. 2012; 14(4):1230-9.
Vendruscolo JW, Waldrich TL, Saikawa GIA, Pelayo JS, Kobayashi RKT, Nakazato G, Rocha SPD. Novel multiplex PCR for detection of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from stool and water samples. Genet Mol Res. 2017;16(3):gmr16039760.
Paton AW, Paton JC. Detection and characterization of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli by using multiplex PCR assays for stx1, stx2, eaeA, enterohemorrhagic E. coli hlyA, rfbO111, and rfbO157. J Clin Microbiol. 1998;36(2):598–602.
Lima IF, Boisen N, Quetz Jda S, Havt A, de Carvalho EB, Soares AM, Lima NL, Mota RM, Nataro JP, Guerrant RL, Lima AÂ. Prevalence of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli and its virulence-related genes in a case–control study among children from north-eastern Brazil. J Med Microbiol. 2013;62(5):683-93.
Dudley EG, Thomson NR, Parkhill J, Morin NP, Nataro JP. Proteomic and microarray characterization of the AggR regulon identifies a pheU pathogenicity island in enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol. 2006;61(5):1267–82.
Schmidt H, Knop C, Franke S, Aleksic S, Heesemann J, Karch H. Development of PCR for screening of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. J Clin Microbiol. 1995;33(3):701-5.
Andrade FB, Gomes TAT, Elias WP. A sensitive and specific molecular tool for detection of both typical and atypical Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. J Microbiol Meth. 2014;106:16-8.
Aranda KR, Fagundes U Neto, Scaletsky IC. Evaluation of multiplex PCRs for diagnosis of infection with diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42(12):5849-53.
Schultsz C, Pool GJ, Van Ketel R, de Wever B, Speelman P, Dankert J. Detection of ETEC in stool samples by using non- radioactively labeled oligonucleotide DNA probes and PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 1994;32(10):2393-7.
Cravioto A, Gross RJ, Scotland SM, Rowe B. An adhesive factor found in strains of Escherichia coli belonging to the traditional infantile enteropathogenic serotypes. Current Microbiol. 1979;3:95-9.
Wakimoto N, Nishi J, Sheikh J, Nataro JP, Sarantuya J, Iwashita M, Manago K, Tokuda K, Yoshinaga M, Kawano Y. Quantitative biofilm assay using a microtiter plate to screen for enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004;71(5):687-90.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. 26th ed. Wayne, PA, USA: CLSI supplement M100S; 2016.
Clermont O, Christenson JK, Denamur E, Gordon DM. The Clermont Escherichia coli phylo-typing method revisited: improvement of specificity and detection of new phylo-groups. Environ Microbiol Rep. 2013;5(1):58-65.
Brasil. Portaria nº 2.914, de 12 de dezembro de 2011. Dispõe sobre os procedimentos de controle e de vigilância da qualidade da água para consumo humano e seu padrão de potabilidade. Diário Oficial da República Federativa do Brasil, Brasília, DF, 13 dez. 2011.
Scorsafava MA, Souza A Stofer M, Nunes CA, Milanez TV. Avaliação físico-química da qualidade de água de poços e minas destinada ao consumo humano. Rev Inst Adolfo Lutz. 2010;69(2):229-32.
Burgos TN, Schuroff PA, Lopes AM, Lima NR, Pelayo JS. Água de consumo humano proveniente de poços rasos como fator de risco de doenças de veiculação hídrica. Rev Ciênc Saúde. 2014;16(1):34-8.
Matsuchita HLP, Schuroff PA, Lima NR, Burgos TN, Lopes AM, Pelayo JS. Qualidade bacteriológica da água de abastecimento público de Centros Municipais de Educação Infantil (CMEI) das cidades de Londrina, Cambé, Ibiporã e Rolândia, PR. Rev Ciênc Méd Biol. 2014;13(1):60-3.
Amaral L, Filho NA, Junior ODR, Ferreira FLA, Barros LSS. Água de consumo humano como fator de risco à saúde em propriedades rurais. Rev Saúde Pública. 2003;37(4):510-4.
Cestari SE, Schuroff PA, Lima NR, Burgos TDN, Dambrozio AML, Pelayo JS. Caracterização genotípica de fatores de virulência de Escherichia coli enterotoxigênica isoladas de água para consumo humano. Rer Ciênc Méd Biol. 2016;15(2):139-43.
Kambire O, Adingra, AA, Yao KM, Koffi-Nevry R. Prevalence of Virulence Genes Associated with Diarrheagenic Pathotypes of Escherichia coli Isolates from Water, Sediment, Fish, and Crab in Aby Lagoon, Côte d'Ivoire. Int J Microbiol. 2017;1-8.
Ifeanyi CI, Ikeneche NF, Bassey BE, Al-Gallas N, Ben Aissa R, Boudabous A. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes isolated from children with diarrhea in the Federal Capital Territory Abuja, Nigeria. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2015;9(2):165-74.
Shah M, Kathiiko C, Wada A, Odoyo E, Bundi M, Miringu G, Guyo S, Karama M, Ichinose Y. Prevalence, seasonal variation, and antibiotic resistance pattern of enteric bacterial pathogens among hospitalized diarrheic children in suburban regions of central Kenya. Trop Med Health. 2016;44:39.
Wingender J, Flemming HC. Biofilms in drinking water and their role as reservoir for pathogens. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2011;214(6):417-23.
Batabyal P, Mookerjee S, Sur D, Palit A. Diarrheogenic Escherechia coli in potable water sources of West Bengal, India. Acta Trop. 2013;127(3):153–7.
Araújo S. Characterization of antibiotic resistant and pathogenic Escherichia coli in irrigation water and vegetables in household farms. Int J Food Microbiol. 2017; 257:192-200.
Nishimura LS, Ferreira LCS, Pacheco ABF, Guth BE. Relationship between outer membrane protein and lipopolysaccharide profiles and serotypes of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated in Brazil. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1996;143:253-8.
Jaeseung S, Ki-Bok Y, Doo-Young J, Sung-Suk O, Kyung-Hwan O, Gyung TC, Seung WK, Seung-Hak C. Consecutive Outbreaks of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli O6 in Schools in South Korea Caused by Contamination. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2016;13(10):535-43.
Benevides-Matos N, Pieri FA, Penatti M, Orlandi PP. Adherence and virulence genes of Escherichia coli from children diarrhoea in the Brazilian Amazon. Braz J Microbiol. 2015;46(1):131-7.
Ori EL, Takagi EH, Andrade TS, Miguel BT, Cergole-Novella MC, Gut BEC, Hernandes RT, Dias RCB, Pinheiro SRS, Camargo CH, Romero EC, Dos Santos LF. Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli and Escherichia albertii in Brazil: pathotypes and serotypes over a 6-year period of surveillance. Epidemiol Infect. 2018;19:1-9.
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2020-07-07
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Macedo KH, Silva CR da, Lopes Dambrozio AM, Klein AL, Oliveira WD de, Sanches MS, et al. Characterization of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolated from underground water for human consumption in a rural settlement. Semin. Cienc. Biol. Saude [Internet]. 2020 Jul. 7 [cited 2024 Nov. 21];41(2):263-72. Available from: https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/seminabio/article/view/36533
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