Perfil de resistência em Escherichia coli isoladas de carcaças de frango provenientes de sistemas de produção convencional, livre de antibióticos e orgânico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n5p2093Palavras-chave:
Restrição de antibióticos, Animais de produção, Saúde pública, Sistemas de produção alternativa.Resumo
A resistência antimicrobiana (AMR) é uma preocupação crescente para a saúde humana e animal. A discussão pública dessas questões tem contribuído para o aumento da demanda por alimentos produzidos sem o uso de antibióticos. No entanto, estudos que comparem os perfis de resistência antimicrobiana de bactérias em alimentos oriundos de sistemas agrícolas com restrição ao uso de antimicrobianos ainda são escassos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o perfil de resistência antimicrobiana em Escherichia coli genérica isolada de carcaças de frangos inteiros oriundos de sistemas de criação com e sem restrições ao uso de antimicrobianos. Para tanto, três grupos de cepas de E. coli foram formados: (GC) isolados de carcaças de frangos criados no sistema convencional - sem restrição de uso de antimicrobianos (n=72); (GL) isolados de frangos de sistemas certificados sem uso de antimicrobianos (n=72); (GO) de frangos originados de produção orgânica (n=72). As unidades de frango inteiro foram submetidas à lavagem conforme recomendado pela ISO 17604: 2015 e E. coli foi isolada da suspensão de enxágue. Para avaliar o perfil de resistência, as cepas de E. coli foram testadas frente à 12 antimicrobianos pelos testes de microdiluição em caldo ou difusão em disco. Oitenta cepas (40,7%) foram totalmente suscetíveis aos antimicrobianos testados e 23,6% multirresistentes. As maiores frequências de resistência foram observadas frente a tetraciclina (GC=37,5%; GL=34,7%; GO=25%) e trimetoprima (GC=27,8%; GL=34,7%; GO=22,2%). No caso de cepas multirresistentes, GC apresentou 32% (n=23) das cepas com características de multirresistência enquanto os grupos GL e GO apresentaram 22% (n=16) e 17% (n=12), respectivamente. Quanto às cepas totalmente suscetíveis, foi observada uma frequência de 56% de cepas Tsus no grupo orgânico enquanto tal frequência foi de 33% nos grupos GC e GL. Utilizando GC como referência, o modelo de regressão de Poisson demonstrou maior ocorrência de cepas de E. coli totalmente suscetíveis, bem como menores frequências de multirresistência e resistência à ampicilina e ácido nalidíxico no GO. Em GL, apenas a frequência mais baixa de resistência à ampicilina pôde ser demonstrada. Essas observações sugerem que a menor pressão de seleção do uso de antimicrobianos no sistema de cultivo pode se refletir no perfil de resistência das bactérias presentes nos alimentos adquiridos pelo consumidor.Métricas
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Referências
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Guenther, S., Falgenhauer, L., Semmler, T., Imirzalioglu, C., Chakraborty, T., Röesler, U., & Roschanski, N. (2017). Environmental emission of multiresistant Escherichia coli carrying the colistin resistance gene mcr-1 from German swine farms. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 72(5), 1289-1292. doi: 10. 1093/jac/dkw585
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Jahantigh, M., Samadi, K., Dizaji, R. E., & Salari, S. (2020). Antimicrobial resistance and prevalence of tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from lesions of colibacillosis in broiler chickens in Sistan, Iran. BMC Veterinary Research, 16(267), 1-6. doi: 10.1186/s12917-020-02488-z
Kampf, G. (2019). Antibiotic resistance can be enhanced in Gram-positive species by some biocidal agents used for disinfection. Antibiotics, 8(13), 15. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics8010013
Landoni, M. F., & Albarellos, G. (2015). The use of antimicrobial agents in broiler chickens. The Veterinary Journal, 205(2015), 21-27. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.04.016
Lentz, S. A. M., Dalmolin, T. V., Barth, A. L., & Martins, A. F. (2021). mcr -1 Gene in Latin America: how is it disseminated among humans, animals, and the environment? Frontiers in Public Health, 9(648940). doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.648940
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Millman, J. M., Waits, K., Grande, H., Marks, A. R., Marks, J. C., Price, L. B., & Hungate, B. A. (2013). Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in retail chicken: comparing conventional, organic, kosher, and raised without antibiotics. F1000Research, 2(155), 13. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.2-155.v2
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2022-07-14
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Vieira, T. R., Oliveira, E. C. de, Cibulski, S. P., Borba, M. R., & Cardoso, M. (2022). Perfil de resistência em Escherichia coli isoladas de carcaças de frango provenientes de sistemas de produção convencional, livre de antibióticos e orgânico. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 43(5), 2093–2108. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n5p2093
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